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Á¦¸ñ Property Outline
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Property Outline

I. Estates

Freehold Estates: fee simple, fee tail, life estate
Non-freehold Estates: leasehold estates
 
1. Fee Simple (Absolute): Greatest aggregate of rights
                    ¡®To A and his heirs¡¯: words of purchase/words of limitation
2. Fee Tail: ¡®To A and heirs of his body¡¯
        ¢¡ Reversion
3. Life Estate: ¡®To A for life¡¯: By grantor¡¯s manifested intent
        ¢¡ Future Interest
 
Defeasible Fees
4. Fee Simple Determinable: ¡®so long as¡¯, ¡®while¡¯, ¡®during¡¯, ¡®until¡¯, ¡®unless¡¯
5. Fee Simple Subject to Condition Subsequent: ¡®upon condition that¡¯, provided that¡¯, ¡®but if
                                       used for other than-¡®
6. Fee Simple Subject to Executory Limitations

¢¡ Possibility of Reverter
  Right of Reentry
  Executory Interest

II. Future Interest

Interest becomes possessory in the future.

Grantor¡¯s F/I: Reversion: ¡®O to A for life¡¯
           Possibility of Reverter
           Right of Reentry

Grantee¡¯s F/I: Vested Remainder
           Contingent Remainder
           Executory Interest

Doctrines: Doctrine of Merger
        Rule in Shelly¡¯s Case
        Doctrine of Worthier Title
        Rule Against Perpetuities
        Powers of Appointment
        Restraint on Alienation

III. Landlord and Tenant

Lease: conveyance of leasehold estate/contract with promises

1. Types of Leasehold
 (1). Tenancy for Years
 (2). Periodic Tenancy
 (3). Tenancy at Will
 (4). Tenancy at Sufferance: Hold-over Tenancy

2. Rent
 (1). Payment of rent
 (2). Non-payment: Eviction
                Suit for rent without eviction
 (3). Abandonment and surrender
 (4). Defenses: Illegality of purpose/use
             Frustration of purpose
             Taking by eminent domain
 (5). Eviction and constructive eviction

3. Conditions of the Premises
 (1). Duty to avoid waste
 (2). Duty to repair
 (3). Duty not to disturb others
 (4). Express covenant to repair or surrender in good condition
 (5). Implied covenant of habitability
 (6). Fitness: No covenant of fitness for purpose
 (7). L/L duty to deliver possession
 (8). No interference with quiet enjoyment
 
4. Assignment and Subletting
 (1). Assignment: transfer of entire remaining duration
 (2). Sublease: Transfer of less than entire duration
 (3). Covenant against assignment/subletting

IV. Concurrent Estate

1. Joint Tenancy: Right of survival

2. Tenancy by the Entirety

3. Tenancy in Common: No right of survival, may hold unequal shares.

4. Rights and Duties of Cotenants
 (1). Partition
 (2). Possession
 (3). Rents/Profits
 (4). Expenses
 (5). Relationship between Co-tenants: Quasi-fiduciary

5. Multiple Ownership
 (1). Cooperatives
 (2). Condominiums

6. Marital Rights
 (1). On Divorce
 (2). On Death

7. Community Property
 (1). 8 States: Arizona, California, etc.
 (2). Definition
 (3). Commingling of community and separate property
 (4). Community labor
 (5). Conveyance of Share
 (6). Management
 (7). Rights at dissolution of marriage.
 (8). Uniform marital Property Act(1983)
 (9). Migrating Couples

V. Easements/Profits/Licenses

1. Easements: Right to use land of another
 (1). Servient tenement/dominant tenement
 (2). Appurtenant or in gross
 (3). Alienation
 (4). Creation of Easements: By written grant or reservation, by implication, by
         prescription, by estoppel, by dedication
 (5). Scope
 (6). Termination

2. Profit: Right to take something from the land of another
 (1). Profit appurtenant
 (2). Profit in gross
 (3). Creation of Profits: express grant, reservation, prescription, necessity, implication

3. Licenses: personal privilege to use land of another

VI. Real Covenants(Covenants Running with the Land) and Equitable Servitude

1. Running of benefits: touch and concern, intent of parties

2. Running of the Burden: touch and concern, intent of parties

3. Equitable Servitude (in equity): Anyone who takes property with notice that its use is restricted cannot violate the restriction. Running of benefits/burdens. Implied reciprocal
servitude

VII. Party Walls

VIII. Right to Lateral/Subjacent Support

IX. Land Use Control

1. Eminent Domain
 (1). Public use
 (2). Just Compensation
 (3). Taking

2. Joning

3. Subdivision Control

X. Conveyancing

1. Contract for Sale of Land
 (1). Statute of frauds
 (2). Risks of loss
 (3). Type of deed
 (4). Marketable title

2. Deed
 (1). Formalities: writing, parties, interest, intention to transfer, recording-no,
              consideration-no.
 (2). Boundaries: adequacy of description, disputes and resolutions

3. Delivery of Deeds
 (1). Effective only if delivered
 (2). Presumptions
 (3). Grantor has the deed.
 (4). Grantee has the deed
 (5). Delivery to a 3rd party

4. Covenants for Title
 (1). Covenants of seisin
 (2). Covenants against encumbrances
 (3). Covenants for quiet enjoyment, etc.

5. Estoppel by deed

XI. Recording

1. Recording Acts
 (1). Notice statutes
 (2). Race-notice statutes
 (3). Pure race statutes

2. Title Search

XII. Acquisition of Property

1. First-in-time Rule(Rule of Capture)
 Not just pursuit
 (1). Wild animals
 (2). Discovery of caves)
 (3). Oil and gas
 (4). Water: Percolating ground water
          Surface water: Common enemy doctrine
                      Natural servitude doctrine
          Streams and Lakes: Natural flow doctrine
                          Reasonable use doctrine
                          Prior appropriation doctrine
2. By Creation
 (1). Accession
 (2). Intellectual property

3. By Finding
 (1). Prior possessor wins.
 (2). Finder vs owner of premises
 (3). Abandoned property – finder
 (4). Statutory charges – New York

4. Adverse Possession
 (1). Qualifications: Cause of action, statute of limitations, actual, open, notorious use,
                 hostile
 (2). Statutory period: Starts when non-permissive possession begins(20 years at
                   common law), continuous
 (3). Actual and constructive: actual, open and notorious use, color of title/constructive
                        adverse possession
 (4). Hostility of possession (claim of right)

XIII. Fixtures

1. Chattel + Land Owned by Same Person

2. Chattel Owned Separately

 
   
     


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